not, merely recently have researchers began to scrutinize the methods used to test the new theory. Inside the a complaints of your own books, Rosenfeld (2005) well-known between “simple” and you will “complex” remedies for research this new exchange theory. When he seen, very early studies depending on get across-tabulations to evaluate whether interracial marriage ceremonies tended to end up being designed because of the whites that have lower knowledge marrying highly knowledgeable blacks fundamentally refuted the latest change hypothesis (Bernard 1966; Heer 1974; Monahan 1976). In comparison, latest training using “complex” log-linear models enjoys tend to offered the newest theory (Schoen and Wooldredge 1989; Kalmijn 1993; Qian 1997; Fu 2001; Gullickson 2006; Gullickson and you will Torche 2014; Torche and you can Steeped 2016).